English Grain aphid is a pest on wheat and other crops. It can be very difficult to control once a population has been established.

Researchers have developed the English Grain Aphid growing degree day model, available on the Pest Prophet app, in order to help predict when different life stage events will occur, based on the weather.

Calculating Growing Degree Day Units

The English Grain Aphid growing degree day model uses a lower threshold of 39.2F  and an upper threshold of 76.3F for calculating growing degree day units. The growing degree day units can be calculated from daily maximum and minimum temperatures using these thresholds, or by using the Pest Prophet app, which features this model and is easy to set up and use.

Setting the Biofix date

In order to begin growing degree day accumulation, first a “biofix” date must be set which is the first date, after which growing degree day units will begin to accumulate. In the Pest Prophet app, the biofix date can be adjusted for any observed life cycle stages.

For the English Grain Aphid model, in order to predict the emergence of second generation aphid, the biofix date should be set once the first generation has been consistently observed in the field.

If using the model for aphids in Apterous (wingless) form, approximately 272 GDD(F) after this biofix date, next generation aphids will emerge and this is the optimum time for insecticide treatment.

If using the model for aphids in Alate (winged) form, approximately 248 GDD(F) after this biofix date, next generation aphids will emerge and this is the optimum time for insecticide treatment.

For best results the biofix should be re-adjusted for each generation, based on scouting observations. This will improve accuracy of later crop stage predictions.

Sources:

Kieckhefer, R. W., N. C. Elliott, and D. D. Walagenbach. 1989. Effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures on developmental rates and demographic statistics of the English grain aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 82: 701-706.